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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1d1" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">Kazakhstan journal for oil &amp; gas industry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Kazakhstan journal for oil &amp; gas industry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2707-4226</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2957-806X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>KMG Engineering</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">108623</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54859/kjogi108623</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Effectiveness of the Introduction of the Water-Alternated-Gas Injection on the example of a Carbonate Field in Kazakhstan</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Askarova</surname><given-names>Ingkar A.</given-names></name><email>inkar.askarova11@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Uteyev</surname><given-names>Rakhim N.</given-names></name><email>r.uteyev@kmge.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mardanov</surname><given-names>Altynbek S.</given-names></name><email>a.mardanov@kmge.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jaxylykov</surname><given-names>Talgat S.</given-names></name><email>t.jaxylykov@kmge.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Junusbayeva</surname><given-names>Ainura U.</given-names></name><email>a.junusbayeva@kmge.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff-1">Tengizchevroil</aff><aff id="aff-2">Atyrau branch of KMG Engineering</aff><pub-date date-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><pub-date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-14"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-28"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2023, Askarova I.A., Uteyev R.N., Mardanov A.S., Jaxylykov T.S., Junusbayeva A.U.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year></permissions><abstract>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Water-Alternated-Gas Injection (hereinafter referred to as WAG) is considered to be a suitable analogue of gas injection and waterflooding, which increase the efficiency of displacement. With continuous gas injection, the displacement front is unstable due to the low viscosity of the gas, which leads to the formation of gas tongues due to a significant difference in the mobility of gas and oil. Alternate injection of water and gas is considered a suitable option in eliminating this problem and in stabilizing the displacement front.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; The purpose of this work was to generalize the main factors affecting the efficiency of the process, based on the world experience in applying the WAG technology. The effectiveness of this technology application in a carbonate field was also considered.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This article analyzes the efficiency of oil displacement using the WAG method in a carbonate field in Kazakhstan. In order to study the proposed oil production technology, the alternate injection of water and gas into the reservoir was simulated on the ECLIPSE 100 simulator. First of all, the process of optimizing the parameters was carried out based on two injection wells. As a result, it was found that for the studied field, the duration of water and gas cycles of 3 months and the sequence of "gas  water" are the optimal conditions for observing the greatest effect from WAG. Further, based on the selected parameters, WAG was scaled to the entire field, for the implementation of which several options were developed with 3, 5, 6 and 12 injection wells.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; As a result of the research, the optimal oil displacement option was selected, which involves 5 injection wells with high injectivity and a large volume of injected gas.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Due to the hydrophilicity of the reservoir, the effect of alternating WAG turned out to be not as significant as it could be expected, due to the effect of hysteresis of relative phase permeabilities, which can be a topic for future research.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>water-alternated-gas injection</kwd><kwd>modeling</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>cycle duration</kwd><kwd>well gas injectivity</kwd><kwd>hydrophilic reservoir</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="kk"><kwd>су және газды кезекпен айдау тәсілі</kwd><kwd>модельдеу</kwd><kwd>айналым ұзақтылығы</kwd><kwd>оңтайландыру</kwd><kwd>газ қабылдағыштығы</kwd><kwd>гидрофильді коллектор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чередующееся водогазовое воздействие</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>продолжительность цикла</kwd><kwd>приемистость скважины по газу</kwd><kwd>гидрофильный коллектор</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kulkarni MM, Rao DN. Experimental investigation of miscible and immiscible Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) process performance. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 2005;48(1–2):1-20. doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2005.05.001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Telkov V, Lubimov N. Determining of oil and gas miscibility conditions in various conditions during gas and water-gas influence on layer. Driling and Oil. 2012;12:38–42.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Christensen JR, Stenby EH, Skauge А. Review of WAG Field Experience. SPE Res Eval &amp; Eng 4. 2001;97–106.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Jackson DD, Andrews GL, Claridge EL. Optimum WAG Ratio vs. Rock Wettability in CO2 Flooding. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition; 1985 Sept; Las Vegas, Nevada. Paper Number: SPE-14303-MS.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Sanchez NL. Management of Water Alternating Gas (WAG) Injection Projects. Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference; 1999 Apr 21–23; Caracas, Venezuela. Paper Number: SPE- 53714 -MS.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Afzali S, Rezaei N, Zendehboudi S. A comprehensive review on Enhanced Oil Recovery by Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection. Fuel. 2018;227:218–246. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.015.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Samba M, Elsharafi M. Literature Review of Water Alternation Gas Injection. Journal of Earth Energy and Engineering. 2018;6(1):33–45. doi:10.25299/jeee.2018.vol7(2).2117.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Belazreg L, Mahmood SM, Aulia A. Novel approach for predicting water alternating gas injection recovery factor. J Petrol Explor Prod Technol. 2019;9:2893–2910. doi:10.1007/s13202-019-0673-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Spiteri E, Juanes R. Impact of relative permeability hysteresis on the numerical simulation of WAG injection. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 2006;50(2):115–139. doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2005.09.004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Kazakov KV, Bravichev KA, Lesnoy AN. Search of optimal conditions for placement of injection wells for gas injection and WAG. Exposition. Oil&amp;Gas. 2016;1(47):37–41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Maklavani AM, Vatani A, Moradi B, Tangsirifard J. New minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) correlation for hydrocarbon miscible injections. Braz J Petrol Gas. 2010;4:011–018.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
